抗菌原理有機四級銨鹽(季銨鹽)具有出色的抗菌效果和抗菌性能，已通過實踐證明。
對純棉織物進行處理後，發現金黃色葡萄球菌，大腸桿菌和白色念珠菌的抑制率在24小時後分別達到98.12％，96.86％和95.14％，表現出廣範抗菌作用。 它具有很高的抗菌率，並且是安全，無毒和無酶的。
黃作新[3]研究了帶有芐基二甲基甲矽烷基氯化銨側基的聚矽氧烷在純棉床上用品上的吸附性能以及對大腸桿菌和金黃色葡萄球菌的殺菌活性。 結果表明，其殺菌活性非常強。
該日本專利報導了使用三甲氧基甲矽烷基取代的異氰脲酸酯化合物，含有C 10-30四級銨基團（季銨基）和CH 2 Cl 2的三甲氧基矽烷作為整理劑來處理聚酯織物。在100°C熱處理10分鐘後，該織物具有出色的抗菌和耐洗滌性。有機矽四級銨鹽（季銨鹽）是一種新型的陽離子表面活性劑。它具有耐高溫，耐洗滌和持久作用。它具有廣泛的抗菌性能，可以有效抑制革蘭氏陽性菌，革蘭氏陰性菌，酵母菌和真菌。 。它的殺菌機理是：使用有機矽作為介質，具有殺菌特性的銨陽離子基團被強烈吸附在細菌表面，改變細菌細胞壁的通透性，並在細菌中溢出酶，輔酶和代謝中間體。使微生物停止呼吸並死亡，從而達到殺菌和抑菌的效果，即發生“接觸死亡”。在結構中，R是活性基團，例如OCH 3，OC 2 H 5等，其可以水解成易交聯的矽烷醇基團，脫水並與織物表面上的羥基縮合。共價鍵將其附著並固定在織物表面上。通過有機矽的接枝聚合，形成了可以殺死和抑制細菌的堅固膜。該膜無毒，無刺激，對人體無害，安全可靠。
R1是烴基，含氧或含氮基團，如（CH2）3NHCH2CH2，CH2COCH2CH2，CH2等； R 2為含1-20個碳原子的烴基； X是酸根陰離子。
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